Red Hair in the Bible: Myths and Facts

The question of whether biblical figures had red hair has fascinated scholars and the general public for centuries. According to biblical texts, certain individuals are mentioned as having red hair, though the interpretations of these descriptions often vary. Let's explore the evidence and myths surrounding red hair in the Bible.

Esau: The First Mention of Red Hair

One of the earliest mentions of red hair in the Bible is found in the Book of Genesis. Esau, the twin brother of Jacob, was described as having red hair. Specifically, Genesis 25:25 states: 'And the first came out red all over like a haircloth: and his name was called Edom.'

It's important to note that the term "red" here does not necessarily mean the same as modern classifications of hair color. In ancient times, the term could encompass various shades of red, brown, or even copper. Therefore, medieval illustrations often depicted Esau with a distinctively red beard, but this image might not accurately represent his hair color.

King David and Red Hair

David, the second king of the United Kingdom of Israel, is also said to have had red hair. In Rabbinical literature, it's mentioned that King David was "full red like a ruby." However, the Bible itself does not explicitly mention King David's hair color. The description might have been a later addition, as these details were often incorporated into the text through oral traditions and interpretative writings.

The Hasmoneans: A Family with Red Hair?

The Hasmoneans, a family that ruled ancient Judea from the 2nd century BCE to the 1st century BCE, were also believed to have red hair. This assumption comes from the fact that several Hasmonean kings are depicted with red hair in various historical texts and artwork. However, the historical accuracy of these depictions is still a matter of debate.

Myths About Judas and Mary Magdalene

Perhaps the most controversial case of red hair in the Bible involves Judas Iscariot and Mary Magdalene. Tradition has it that Judas was red-haired, and this belief is reinforced by early Christian art, which often portrays Judas with a distinctive red beard.

Another persistent myth is that Mary Magdalene had red hair. This idea arises from a misinterpretation of John 12:3: 'And an alabaster box of exceeding ointment of spikenard very precious; and they bestowed it upon his feet, and did wipe his feet with their hair.' Some early Christian writers, such as Pope Gregory I, suggested that 'their hair' referred to Mary Magdalene, who was one of the women who brought the spices to the tomb. This misinterpretation has made its way into modern tradition and popular culture.

Conclusion: The Reality of Red Hair in the Bible

While the Bible mentions red hair for certain individuals, the actual presence of red hair among biblical figures remains a matter of debate. The historical context, the lack of specific descriptions, and the influence of later interpretations all play a role in our understanding of these characters. Further research and critical analysis are necessary to separate fact from fiction in the quest to ascertain the true appearances of biblical figures.

Additional Resources for Further Reading

If you are interested in learning more about red hair in the Bible, here are some additional resources:

Genesis 25:25 Encyclopedia Britannica: Edom Jewish Virtual Library: Herod the Great Catholic Encyclopedia: Saint Mary Magdalene

Keywords

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